Why quality is the foundation for expanding mission scopeComplexity multiplies riskModern spacecraft are no longer single‑purpose probes; th

Why quality is the foundation for expanding mission scopeComplexity multiplies riskModern spacecraft are no longer single‑purpose probes; they combine propulsion, life‑support, scientific payloads, and autonomous navigation in tightly integrated packages. The Artemis III mission, which returned humans to the Moon in 2024, illustrates this trend. With a crewed lander, a new ascent module, and a suite of experiments, the mission required thousands of interfaces to work flawlessly. A single quality lapse can cascade through these interfaces, turning a minor defect into a costly failure that jeopardizes crew safety and program budgets. The same year, an intense geomagnetic storm disrupted satellites...